Venezuela was tense on July 30 as incumbent President Nicolás Maduro and the country’s main opposition coalition both claimed that they had won the July 28 presidential election.
The national electoral authority proclaimed Mr. Maduro the winner. The opposition, represented by Edmundo González, said it has evidence to the contrary.
Electoral authorities installed more than 30,000 voting machines, and by law the opposition had the right to have representatives at all voting centers. But not all were allowed in July 28 or were ousted before polls closed.
After the polls close, Venezuela’s electronic voting machines can print sheets tallying all the votes each counted. Experts say the best way to clear up the dispute is to release those sheets. But the National Electoral Council has not done so.
Here’s a look at what has been said and what is known:
The tally sheets
The main discussion is coming down to the sheets. In case of any dispute, one way of solving it is by checking the tallies the government has against what the opposition parties have.
The electronic machines provide every voter a paper receipt that shows which candidate they chose. Voters are supposed to deposit their receipts at ballot boxes before exiting the polls.
After polls close, each machine prints a tally sheet showing the candidates’ names and the votes each received. Party representatives stationed at polling sites throughout election day get a copy of the tally sheet, and electoral authorities keep another one.
But the ruling party wields tight control over the voting system, both through a loyal five-member electoral council and a network of longtime local party coordinators who get near unrestricted access to voting centers. Those coordinators, some of whom are responsible for handing out government benefits including subsidized food, have blocked representatives of opposition parties from entering voting centers as allowed by law to witness the voting process, vote counting, and, crucially, to obtain a copy of the machines’ final tally sheets.
Which numbers have the electoral authorities released?
On its website, Venezuela’s National Electoral Council traditionally posts vote counts for every machine. It has never posted images of the tally sheets.
The president of the council, Elvis Amoroso, said July 29 that Mr. Maduro got 51.2% of the votes, or more than 5.1 million votes. Mr. González garnered 44%, or more than 4.4 million votes, he said.
Mr. Amoroso said the other eight presidential candidates got a combined total of 4% or more than 462,000 votes.
He said those numbers were based on a review of 80% of the tally sheets. He did not show the sheets.
Which numbers have the opposition shared?
Opposition leader María Corina Machado said on July 29 that Mr. González got more than 6.2 million votes and Mr. Maduro got more than 2.7 million votes.
Ms. Machado did not offer totals for the other eight candidates.
She said those numbers were based on a review of 73.2% of the tally sheets. She did not show any tally sheet but she directed voters to a website where they can use their ID number to look up an image of the sheet that corresponds to the machine where they voted.
Who has access to the tallies?
The National Electoral Council does not have the obligation to post the tally sheets on its website – which has been down since July 29. But the opposition, electoral experts and some foreign governments disputing the official results are urging the sheets’ release.
The Carter Center, based in Atlanta, said it was unable to verify the results of Venezuela’s presidential election, blaming authorities for a “complete lack of transparency” in declaring Nicolas Maduro the winner without providing any individual polling tallies.
The July 31 statement by the Carter Center is perhaps the harshest rebuke yet of Venezuela’s chaotic election process because it comes from one of just a handful of outside groups invited by the Maduro government to observe the vote.
“The electoral authority’s failure to announce disaggregated results by polling station constitutes a serious breach of electoral principles,” the Carter Center said. The group, which had a technical mission of 17 experts spread out in four cities across Venezuela, added that the election did not meet international standards and “cannot be considered democratic.”
On July 29, Ms. Machado announced the opposition had created a searchable website with images of every tally sheet that opposition poll representatives were able to obtain. Ms. Machado said the information was also being shared with the international community.
This story was reported by The Associated Press. AP writers Joshua Goodman, Gisela Salomon, Regina Garcia Cano, and Nancy Benac contributed to this report.